The pungent taste derives from the elements of fire and air. It is best taken in very small amounts by Pitta types and in moderation by Vatas, but pungent flavors such as garlic, ginger, and salsa are most beneficial for out-of-balance Kaphas. Pungent increases appetite and benefits digestion by stimulating secretions produced by the gastrointestinal organs. 

Elements: Fire, Air

Effect on Dosha:
• Decreases Kapha
• Increases Vata, Pitta

Benefits:
• Stimulates digestion/secretions
• Clears congestion

Common Examples:
• Hot peppers, salsa, ginger, 
  cumin, cayenne, cinnamon, 
  radishes, mustard, cloves, 
  horseradish, onions, garlic

If taken in balanced amounts:
• Adds spice to life and creates 
  a desire for variety 

If taken in excess:
• May promote impatience, 
  anger, sarcasm, and meanness